Alcohol Energy Drinks (AEDs) in Student Drinking Community

Alcohol Energy Drinks (AEDs) in Student Drinking Community Adapted McMasters Critical Review Form – Qualitative Studies Reference: Ferreira, S.E., de Mello, M.T., Pompeia, S., de Souza-Formigoni, M.L. 2006, ‘Effects of energy drink ingestion on alcohol intoxication’, Alcohol Clin Exp Research, no.30, pp.598–605. Letts, L., Wilkins, S., Law, M., Stewart, D., Bosch, J., and Westmorland, M., 2007, Guidelines for Critical Review Form: Qualitative Studies (Version 2.0), McMaster University, Hamilton. Simmon, M. and Mosher, J. 2007, Alcohol, energy drinks, and youth: a dangerous mix. San Rafael, CA: Marin Institute.

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Poverty is rampant in the Middle East, and the region's past, current and future water crisis plays a more significant role than what is shared in the major news. While the major focus of conflict is often attributed to the devastation of violent cultural war, countries that have been major victims will need rising leaders and peacekeepers to focus on the more significant issues as to begin with a strong foundation while they rebuild. The World Bank predicts that with rapid growth, regional ; cultural instability on top of climate change, these challenges are more pressing than ever before. Water accessibility has always posed great challenges for the Middle East. In the recent decades, the changes in both the economy and infrastructure of the Middle East have made its water challenges a growing issue, to the point where the lack of water conservation could negatively affect the infrastructure and stability of these countries in the future. Rapid population and economic growth in urban areas, increasing and wasteful water consumption, geographical challenges and inadequate governance to name a few. According to studies, climate change is causing more severe and frequent weather events. Political and social turmoil have also worsened existing constraints of water scarcity. Currently, poverty doesn't appear to discriminate against regions, whether stable or unstable. The water crisis in the Middle East plays a significant role when it comes to the population's hunger, food insecurity, and lack of food production. The Arab World is where 6% of the world's population is located. Only 2% of the world's water supply is located there. Rural unemployment occurs when the amount of suitable farmland decreased and desertification increases. As more of the population suffers from little agricultural cultivation, the Middle East sees a decrease in production, and farmers find themselves without jobs or food. The lack of security in water supplies and irrigation cannot sustain productive farmland and agriculture. With a more stable structure and plan for agriculture, climate smart agricultural practices and better irrigation methods will go a long way in conserving water. The public must be part of the conservation effort through awareness. A focus on minimizing water waste, as well as efficient energy usage at desalination plants will reduce the environmental cost of producing water. In such an arid region, there is no denying water takes on critical importance. However, some natural sources do exist, though they attract the attention of those geographically close to them. The issue is who gets to claim these sources. These less fortunate populations suffer due to this continuous conflict. The Golan Heights, for example, has long been a place of conflict for critical players in the Middle East. Countries like Syria, Lebanon and Israel are engaged in conflict over this area because it holds a strategic advantage. One-third of Israel's freshwater supply originates in the Golan Heights, and promotes fertile land, which stretches from the Sea of Galilee to the Jordan River. But while this source of water aides Israel, ceding control of the Golan Heights to Syria would give Syria access to the Sea of Galilee's eastern shore and one of Israel's two largest sources of water. In addition, Jordan and Lebanon would stand to benefit from its resources. But a lack of governed structure in place to allocate and value water in a way that is sustainable will affect the countries' ability to support a civilization that could flourish and their ability to get rid of the poverty caused from a lack of water structure. It is quoted that 60 percent of the surface water resources in the Arab region are transboundary, and all countries share at least one aquifer. This further highlights how important all of the countries' cooperation and solid management of shared water resources. As poverty continues, so will contention. Urban water systems that are in place will continue to be targets of armed conflicts. Countries recovering from war and decimated infrastructure, for example, see leaking water pipes; meaning that some cities lose up to 40% of their water before it reaches the users. Ultimately, entities such as ISIL, Al Qaeda, and the Kurdish forces are perpetuated by this conflict, as they leverage their advantage and control over regions with reliable water sources. With precious and limited natural resources in the hands of these entities, there is little hope of the wealth to be shared or structured. As the economic, social and political pressures mount in the Arab world, the international focus will need to shift its focus to security and communication to avoid engagement in conflict. The above issues and nature of water scarcity and its implications for growth, prosperity and end to poverty cannot be sidelined in efforts at international dialogue and engagement.

Employee Motivation And Team Building - 891 Words

Dutchess Community College Employee Motivation and Team Building Dominique Devine BUS 104 Maureen Gittelman Due: December 3rd, 2015 Managing employees that share a low moral is not simple yet it affects productivity. I am the department manager of the shoes department for Sears Holdings Corporation. I will present three recommendations on how to boost my subordinate’s moral along with surpass the expectations and goals of my department during the busy holiday season. My employees are incredibly significant and with them I will be able to meet my goals through recognizing and training them as well as with some suggestions to acquire competitive advantage. The preliminary step to boost my employee’s attitude and morale is recognition. Respecting each employee as well as equal treatment will heighten morale. In Chapter 12, Adams states that employees are motivated to see fairness in the rewards they expect for task performance. Also mentioned in Chapter 12, I will encourage the Reinforcement Theory. Good behavior, attitude and ideas will be rewarded (positive reinforcement). In order to reward behavior of employees, the goals and quotas needed to be met will be clearly defined. Emails, phone calls and thank you notes will all be used to show employees appreciation. As a manager, I will make a particular effort to send my employees a handwritten thank you note for each miniature goal. After a few larger goals are accomplished, an appreciation day will beShow MoreRelatedTeam Plan For Team Building1046 Words   |  5 PagesTeam building alludes to an array of activities embark on to stimulate or inspire others with a goal of increasing productivity or performance of the team. Team members have to be encouraged and motivated to perform a task. Team building is a fundamental process for any organization’s success. The leader’s knowledge, skills and ability to implement quality team building activities play a vital role in the success of the organization. Team members have to unite around a common goal and the desireRead MoreReaching Maximum Employee Performance and Productivity in a Strategic Working Environment662 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernm ent environment which are among methods to improve productivity and reduce cost that impact an employee’s motivation in today’s workplace. In the government sector it is a continuous concern. Owners and managers of any businesses across the United States all have the same problem as it pertains to reducing cost and time management. This problem has to do with reaching maximum employee performance and productivity in a strategic environment (Workplace strategies). Many government contractors,Read MoreWe Need More Engagement Around Here765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Problem The employee motivation and engagement in the company is poor. Lots of workers are easygoing and apathetic. Only few of the employees give effort in their job. They also say that they were not able to learn and grow in the past year. Many employees say that they are satisfied with their salary and benefits however, only few of them are willing to stay in the company for at least three years. They are not motivated and showed no interest which leads to poor performance of theirRead MoreCritical Elements That Can Improve Employee Engagement1087 Words   |  5 PagesCritical elements that can improve employee engagement will vary by organization and by different leaders. Each person has their own set of tactics that they would use to improve employee engagements. I believe there isn’t an absolute 5 that you must adhere by, but a set of 5 that will be the most beneficial to your leadership style. The 5 elements that can be used to improve employee engagement are building the corr ect team, creating a shared purpose, editing or defining the culture, focus on eachRead MoreMotivator Theories Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesselected motivation techniques that will be used for creating Enron as a learning organization. The researcher will provide a description and definition of the motivation technique. Finally, the researcher will provide rationale for the using the selected motivation technique. Description and Definition of Motivation Technique Motivation is the act of getting individuals and/or group to do something that is goal oriented, has an incentive, or positive or negative outcome. Motivation techniqueRead MoreTask 2.3 Group Dynamics And Teamwork1623 Words   |  7 PagesTask 2.3 - Group Dynamics and Teamwork The organization would be considered a formal group, identified by the organizational structure, with this office being a functional group since it operates as a full-time department team performing ongoing work to achieve organizational objectives. Group dynamics is the forces that operate in groups that affect task performance and human resource maintenance (Wiesner, 2010). While there are a number of models on group development such as Tuckman or GersickRead MoreEffects Of Performance Appraisals On Subordinates995 Words   |  4 Pagesemployees’ productive suggestion and active participation are important resources for a health care organization. In order to achieve the goals of the organization, skills of team building plays a crucial role. Bruce Tuckman in 1965 proposed four stages of team development which are: 1. Forming: It is the initial phase, generally new teams learning to work together and identify their purpose and have very little conflict. 2. Storming: Stage where members encounter disagreements, jealousy and exhibit lessRead MoreHow Employee Motivation Is Important For Organizations1616 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee motivation is important for organizations to produce the desired results needed and function effectively. In this essay we review rewards and recognition, trust, and employee development, as motivational issues that are challenging Cummins Western Canada today. These challenges are affecting the environment, the performance, and the culture of the organization. Looking at some motivation theories, we will analyze the issues identified and provide some ideas for improvement to this challengeRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Motivation Theory1309 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Motivation Theories: A Literature Review Motivation Theories: A Literature Review ------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- Motivation Theories: A Literature Review Motivation is an important concept for managers to understand. Motivation affects direction, intensity and duration (Locke Gary, 2004). High task motivation has been found to correlate with high firm growth (Miner, Smith, et. alRead MoreThe Lack Of Leadership Management1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lack of Leadership The management problem is about a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Precision Imaging Centers (PIC), which affects the corporate guidance, display ineffective communication skills, lack of employee motivation, presents questionable actions of moral leadership, and inspire the need for corporate change. First of all, the CEO does not present a mission for the PICs corporation and no vision can be formed; therefore, lacks corporate direction and lacks supportive communication

The Effects Of Post Olympic Games On The Olympics

‘Bubble economy’ is the third reason of the ‘valley’ effect of post-Olympic Games. Before the Olympics, many tourists and company go into the Olympic host country to consume. They will largely promote this country s development of the construction industry, tourism, services, retail and other industries. Especially in tourism, the Olympic Games will bring numerous tourists for host city, and these tourists will consume in the city, and these tourists need pay for food, accommodation, transport, purchase goods and souvenirs and, some companies and people also will consider purchasing real estate in the Olympic Village. However, after the end of the Olympics, these tourists will leave the Olympic host country gradually, causing tourists and consumers reduce in the Olympic host city and the economic markets shrink. Because of the above reasons when the Olympics begin, the host country have a considerable economic development, the construction industry, tourism, services, retail and other industries go into a few peak. But after the Olympics, consumers leave the city, which lead to a rapid decline of the economy development. Thus the lacking of consumer lead to a number of economic and social problems, such as unemployment, poor sales of goods, tourism slump, the real estate bubble. Especially in tourism, the influence of Olympic economy bubble is the most serious for tourism. A report from The European Tour Operators Association (ETOA) shows some information. After theShow MoreRelatedImpact Of 2012 Olympics On Hospitality Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages2012 Olympics and its impact on the hospitality industry of London. Research Background / Context On 6th July’ 2005 London was selected as the host city for the 2012 summer Olympic and Paralympics Games. 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